What vitamin is essential for changing phydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate?
Απάντηση
(D)
Niacin
2
Which vitamin is necessary for the conversion of folic acid into folinic acid?
Απάντηση
(C)
Ascorbic acid
3
What substance can be reduced by ascorbic acid?
Απάντηση
(C)
2, 6-Dichlorophenol indophenol
4
Which vitamin is typically depleted in sterilized milk?
Απάντηση
(C)
Vitamin C
5
What condition results from a lack of a specific vitamin?
Απάντηση
(D)
Vitamin C
6
Both Wernicke's disease and beriberi can be treated with the administration of which vitamin?
Απάντηση
(B)
Thiamin
7
What is a consequence of a lack of Vitamin B₁?
Απάντηση
(C)
Beriberi
8
Which vitamin's deficiency leads to elevated levels of pyruvic and lactic acid in the blood?
Απάντηση
(A)
Thiamin
9
The coenzyme TPP, derived from which vitamin, is crucial for what process?
Απάντηση
(A)
Oxidative decarboxylation
10
An increase in glucose intake necessitates a greater dietary intake of which vitamin?
Απάντηση
(D)
Thiamin
11
In an alkaline solution, what substance is used to convert thiamin to thiochrome through oxidation?
Απάντηση
(B)
Potassium ferricyanide
12
Riboflavin acts as a coenzyme in reactions catalyzed by which of the following enzymes?
Απάντηση
(B)
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
13
What is the approximate daily riboflavin intake, in milligrams, recommended for adults?
Απάντηση
(B)
1.2-1.7
14
Which vitamin deficiency can result in hyperbilirubinemia in newborns undergoing phototherapy?
Απάντηση
(B)
Riboflavin
15
Which of the following conditions is a consequence of riboflavin deficiency?
Απάντηση
(A)
Cheilosis
16
What vitamin deficiency is associated with a magenta-colored tongue?
Απάντηση
(A)
Riboflavin
17
Which vitamin deficiency is linked to corneal vascularization?
Απάντηση
(B)
B2
18
Which of the following is known as the pellagra-preventing factor?
Απάντηση
(C)
Niacin
19
Pellagra is a condition that arises from a deficiency of which vitamin?
Απάντηση
(D)
Niacin
20
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is derived from which of the following?
Απάντηση
(A)
Pyridine
21
What is the starting material for niacin production within the human body?
Απάντηση
(A)
Tryptophan
22
Which of the following amino acids is typically lacking in the proteins found in corn?
Απάντηση
(C)
Tryptophan
23
In what form is niacin typically found in corn?
Απάντηση
(C)
Niacytin
24
Approximately how much tryptophan is needed to produce 1 mg of niacin in the body?
Απάντηση
(B)
60 mg of tryptophan
25
In populations that rely heavily on which of the following grains is pellagra most commonly observed?
Απάντηση
(C)
Maize
26
Which type of enzymes utilize nicotinamide as a coenzyme?
Απάντηση
(A)
Dehydrogenases
27
What is the recommended daily intake of Vitamin D?
Απάντηση
(A)
400 I.U.
28
Which vitamin's structural composition lacks a ring structure?
Απάντηση
(A)
Pantothenic acid
29
Pantothenic acid is a key component in a coenzyme involved in which metabolic process?
Απάντηση
(C)
Acetylation
30
From which of the following is CoA derived?
Απάντηση
(D)
Pantothenate
31
What nutritional deficiency is linked to 'burning foot syndrome'?
Απάντηση
(A)
Pantothenic acid
32
Which biochemical process centrally involves pyridoxal phosphate?
Απάντηση
(D)
Transamination
33
Which vitamin serves as a coenzyme for transaminase function?
Απάντηση
(C)
Pyridoxal phosphate
34
Which medication can potentially lead to a vitamin B, deficiency?
Απάντηση
(A)
Isoniazid
35
Which population group is at higher risk of vitamin B, deficiency?
Απάντηση
(C)
Alcoholics
36
What vitamin deficiency is assessed using the 'xanthurenic acid index'?
Απάντηση
(A)
Pyridoxal
37
What vitamin deficiency has been associated with epileptiform convulsions in infants?
Απάντηση
(C)
B
38
Which type of enzyme utilizes biotin as a coenzyme?
Απάντηση
(A)
Carboxylase
39
What coenzyme is required for the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate?
Απάντηση
(D)
Biotin
40
How is biotin attached to enzymes within biotin-containing enzymes?
Απάντηση
(C)
An amide linkage to an amino group of lysine
41
In a carboxylation reaction where biotin acts as a coenzyme, a CO₂ molecule is captured. To which part of the biotin molecule is the carboxyl group covalently linked?
Απάντηση
(A)
A nitrogen atom (N₁) within the biotin structure
42
What nutritional deficiency can arise from eating uncooked eggs?
Απάντηση
(A)
Biotin
43
Which compound or its derivative is essential for transforming acetyl CoA into malonylCoA?
Απάντηση
(D)
Biotin
44
Which cofactor is necessary for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate?
Απάντηση
(A)
Lipoate
45
The core structure of B₁₂, known as the corrin ring system, includes which element?
Απάντηση
(A)
Cobalt
46
In vitamin B₁₂, the central cobalt atom is bound to which type of group?
Απάντηση
(A)
Cyanide group
47
The complex corrin ring of vitamin B₁₂ is composed of four of what type of rings?
Απάντηση
(C)
Pyrrole rings
48
What is the empirical formula of cobalamin?
Απάντηση
(D)
C63H88N14O14P.CO
49
A lack of vitamin B₁₂ can lead to which medical condition?
Απάντηση
(C)
Pernicious anemia
50
How can a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be identified through analysis of urine?
