What is the typical range for normal serum alkaline phosphatase activity?
Απάντηση
(B)
5.0-13.0 KA units/100 ml
2
Which measurement is most indicative of early myocardial ischemia?
Απάντηση
(A)
CPK
3
Which condition is associated with elevated serum acid phosphatase levels?
Απάντηση
(A)
Metastatic carcinoma of prostate
4
Which of the following is linked to increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels?
Απάντηση
(C)
Hyperparathyroidism
5
Which medical condition is often accompanied by a rise in serum lipase levels?
Απάντηση
(C)
Acute pancreatitis
6
Which condition is characterized by a reduction in serum ferroxidase levels?
Απάντηση
(D)
Wilson's disease
7
In which of the following is the LDH isoenzyme often elevated?
Απάντηση
(C)
Liver disease
8
Which enzyme is typically elevated on the third day after the onset of an acute myocardial infarction?
Απάντηση
(C)
Serum LDH
9
Which condition often sees elevated levels of LDH1 and LDH2?
Απάντηση
(A)
Myocardial infarction
10
Which CK isoenzymes are found in cardiac muscle?
Απάντηση
(B)
MM and MB
11
In the early stages of acute inflammation of the pancreas, which enzyme typically shows an elevated level within the initial five days?
Απάντηση
(A)
Serum amylase
12
What is a key characteristic of acute pancreatitis related to enzyme activity?
Απάντηση
(C)
Zymogen enzymes becoming active too early
13
Which of the following enzymes found in plasma serves a specific physiological function?
Απάντηση
(A)
Lipoprotein lipase
14
Which enzyme, present in the plasma, does not have a primary function in the plasma itself?
Απάντηση
(D)
Lipase
15
What is the ideal pH range for salivary amylase to function most effectively?
Απάντηση
(A)
6.6-6.8
16
What is the optimal pH for pancreatic amylase activity?
Απάντηση
(D)
8.6
17
At what pH does sucrase demonstrate the highest level of activity?
Απάντηση
(A)
5.0-7.0
18
What pH range is most conducive for maltase to perform its function efficiently?
Απάντηση
(C)
5.8-6.2
19
What is the optimal pH range for lactase activity?
Απάντηση
(B)
5.4-6.0
20
Which of the following substances acts as the primary target for amylase?
Απάντηση
(B)
Starch
21
Which ion plays a crucial role in enabling the function of salivary amylase?
Απάντηση
(A)
Chloride
22
What substance enhances the activity of pancreatic amylase?
Απάντηση
(B)
Bile salts
23
Which of the following carbohydrates is indigestible in the human digestive system?
Απάντηση
(A)
Cellulose
24
What type of sugar uptake relies on facilitated diffusion, employing a Na-independent transporter?
Απάντηση
(B)
Fructose
25
In the small intestine, which pair of sugars experiences the highest absorption rate?
Απάντηση
(A)
Glucose and galactose
26
What vitamin is known to enhance the absorption of glucose?
Απάντηση
(B)
Thiamin
27
Which hormone directly influences the intestinal lining, thereby stimulating the absorption of glucose?
Απάντηση
(C)
Thyroxine
28
Given the provided information about ATP and Glucose 6-phosphate hydrolysis, calculate the standard free energy change (AG°) for the phosphorylation of glucose: Glucose + ATP → Glucose 6-Phosphate + ADP.
Απάντηση
(C)
-4.0 Kcal/mol
29
When blood glucose levels are low, the brain, unlike the liver, can still absorb glucose. This difference is attributed to the
Απάντηση
(A)
Low K of hexokinase
30
In the chemical reaction: NuTP + glucose → Glucose 6-Phosphate + NuDP, what does 'NuTP' represent?
Απάντηση
(A)
ATP
31
Referring to the provided diagrams, where is fructose 1,6-biphosphate located?
Απάντηση
(C)
C
32
Which glycolytic enzyme is susceptible to fluoride ion inhibition?
Απάντηση
(C)
Enolase
33
In glycolysis, which enzyme's function is disrupted by iodoacetate?
Απάντηση
(B)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
34
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of enolpyruvate to ketopyruvate in the glycolytic pathway?
Απάντηση
(D)
Spontaneously
35
In red blood cells, what intermediate is the precursor to 2,3-biphosphoglycerate?
Απάντηση
(B)
1, 3-Biphosphoglycerate
36
High concentrations of 2,3-biphosphoglycerate interacting with hemoglobin result in what effect on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?
Απάντηση
(B)
Displacement of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right
37
Which of the following compounds can accumulate in erythrocytes under normal circumstances and in anaerobic microorganisms?
Απάντηση
(D)
Lactate
38
Which enzyme(s) involved in glycolysis contribute to the high-energy phosphorylation of substrates?
Απάντηση
(D)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
39
The Lineweaver-Burk plot is used to analyze which of the following factors?
Απάντηση
(D)
Both (A) and (B)
40
Which of the following substances inhibits the activity of phosphofructokinase, a key enzyme in glycolysis?
Απάντηση
(A)
Citrate and ATP
41
Which enzyme plays a role in controlling the rate of glycolysis?
Απάντηση
(A)
Phosphofructokinase
42
Hexokinase's function is reduced through which of the following mechanisms?
Απάντηση
(A)
Glucose-6-Phosphate
43
Which of the following processes involves the rearrangement of molecular structure?
Απάντηση
(A)
Glucose 6-Phosphate fructose 6 phosphate
44
What is the overall yield of ATP molecules from one glucose molecule in the absence of oxygen during glycolysis?
Απάντηση
(B)
2
45
The multi-enzyme complex involved in converting pyruvate is essential for creating
Απάντηση
(A)
Acetyl-CoA
46
A lack of thiamin in the diet negatively affects which enzyme's function?
Απάντηση
(B)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
47
Which substance reduces the activity of the enzyme that processes pyruvate?
Απάντηση
(A)
Mercury
48
In a typical human at rest, what organ or tissue utilizes the majority of the glucose in the blood?
Απάντηση
(A)
Liver
49
Where are the enzymes of the glycolysis pathway primarily located within the cell?
Απάντηση
(A)
Extramitochondrial soluble fraction of the cell
50
Considering metabolic pathways as primarily building up or breaking down, which one is best described as having both characteristics?
