Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 7)
1
Which of the following best describes the product of meiosis II?
Απάντηση
(D)
Four haploid cells
2
During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
Απάντηση
(B)
Anaphase II
3
If a woman has a dominant trait and her partner does not, what can be said about the phenotype of the children?
Απάντηση
(C)
Some children will have the trait.
4
What is the function of the start codon in translation?
Απάντηση
(B)
To initiate protein synthesis.
5
If a woman has a colorblind son, and her husband has normal vision, what must be the woman's genotype, assuming that colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait?
Απάντηση
(C)
XBXb
6
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Απάντηση
(B)
To bring amino acids to the ribosomes.
7
Which of the following statements are true about alleles?
Απάντηση
A
D
8
Which statements are true about recessive alleles?
Απάντηση
A
D
9
During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes first become visible?
Απάντηση
(A)
Prophase
10
What type of inheritance results in a blended phenotype?
Απάντηση
(C)
Incomplete dominance
11
What type of cell division is involved in the growth and repair of the body?
Απάντηση
(C)
Mitosis
12
Which of the following processes is responsible for creating new combinations of alleles in offspring?
Απάντηση
(C)
Crossing over
13
Which of the following occurs during interphase?
Απάντηση
(B)
DNA replication
14
In a dihybrid cross involving two unlinked genes, what is the expected phenotypic ratio for the offspring of two heterozygous parents (AaBb x AaBb)?
Απάντηση
(A)
9:3:3:1
15
Which of the following are characteristics of meiosis?
Απάντηση
A
C
16
Which of the following are examples of a recessive trait?
Απάντηση
B
C
17
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic cell?
Απάντηση
(B)
46
18
In incomplete dominance, what will the phenotype of a heterozygote look like?
Απάντηση
(C)
It will have an intermediate phenotype.
19
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Απάντηση
(B)
To bring amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
20
How does a cell maintain its size during cell division?
Απάντηση
(B)
By dividing into two daughter cells with similar characteristics.
21
In a pedigree, what does a filled-in symbol typically represent?
Απάντηση
(A)
An individual with the trait.
22
If a heterozygous individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual, what percentage of the offspring will display the recessive phenotype?
Απάντηση
(C)
50%
23
What is the difference between the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment?
Απάντηση
(B)
The law of segregation applies to a single trait, while the law of independent assortment applies to multiple traits.
24
What is the relationship between the alleles in cases of incomplete dominance?
Απάντηση
(C)
Neither allele is completely dominant.
25
What is the function of a gene?
Απάντηση
(B)
To code for a specific protein.
26
What is a gene mutation?
Απάντηση
(A)
A change in the DNA sequence.
27
What is the role of the stop codon in translation?
Απάντηση
(C)
To signal the end of translation.
28
In the context of genetics, what does the term 'allele' refer to?
Απάντηση
(B)
An alternative form of a gene.
29
Which of the following are directly involved in the process of translation? (Select all that apply)
Απάντηση
A
B
C
30
What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?
Απάντηση
C
D
31
Which of the following processes occur during prophase I of meiosis?
Απάντηση
(B)
Homologous chromosomes pair up.
32
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Απάντηση
(B)
Storing genetic information
33
What is the ploidy of the cells at the end of Meiosis II?
Απάντηση
(A)
Haploid
34
What is the role of the spindle fibers in meiosis?
Απάντηση
(B)
To separate homologous chromosomes.
35
What does the term "homozygous" refer to?
Απάντηση
(B)
Having two identical alleles for a trait.
36
What is the role of homologous chromosomes in meiosis?
Απάντηση
(B)
To carry the same genes, though possibly different alleles.
37
How many cell divisions occur during meiosis?
Απάντηση
(B)
2
38
Which of the following is/are true about the structure of DNA? (Select all that apply)
Απάντηση
C
D
39
What is the term for a gene that is located on a sex chromosome?
Απάντηση
(B)
Sex-linked
40
What is the probability of two heterozygous parents (Bb x Bb) producing a homozygous recessive offspring?
Απάντηση
(B)
25%
41
What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?
Απάντηση
(B)
It creates genetic variation.
42
What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
Απάντηση
(B)
The sequence of codons in the mRNA.
43
Which of the following are examples of a monohybrid inheritance pattern?
Απάντηση
A
C
44
Which process is responsible for the synthesis of a polypeptide from mRNA?
Απάντηση
(C)
Translation
45
Which of the following are stages of mitosis? (Select all that apply)
Απάντηση
A
B
C
D
46
Which of the following is a characteristic of a gamete?
Απάντηση
(C)
It is a sex cell (sperm or egg).
47
Which of the following are required for protein synthesis? (Select all that apply)
Απάντηση
A
B
C
48
Which of the following statements is true regarding the resulting cells of Meiosis? (Select all that apply)
Απάντηση
A
C
49
What is the name for the condition in which one gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits?
Απάντηση
(B)
Pleiotropy
50
Which of the following is true about a cell's genetic material? (Select all that apply)
