In laboratory settings, what cellular effect is associated with alloxan that can lead to a disease impacting blood sugar regulation?
Odpověď
(B)
Cell death of the cells producing a specific hormone
2
What is a treatment option for asthma that can provide relief?
Odpověď
(B)
PGE, and PGE2
3
What is the initial building block for the hormone thyroxine?
Odpověď
(A)
Tyrosine
4
Which condition is characterized by a limited response from the adrenal cortex?
Odpověď
(A)
Kwashiorkor
5
What is the typical range for protein-bound iodine levels in blood, measured per deciliter?
Odpověď
(A)
3-8 mg
6
Prostaglandins are best described as which type of chemical structure?
Odpověď
(A)
C₂ unsaturated acids
7
Which researcher is not associated with significant contributions to the field of prostaglandins?
Odpověď
(D)
Kendal
8
In the nomenclature of prostaglandins, what does the numerical suffix indicate?
Odpověď
(B)
Double bonds
9
What is a key function of prostacyclins in the body?
Odpověď
(A)
Inhibition of platelet aggregation
10
Another name for vasopressin is?
Odpověď
(B)
Antidiuretic hormone
11
What substance is commonly employed to stimulate labor?
Odpověď
(A)
Prostaglandins
12
Which of the following lacks a disulphide bond in its structure?
Odpověď
(D)
Glucagon
13
Identify the statement that is inaccurate regarding epinephrine's effects on glycogenolysis.
Odpověď
(C)
Heart
14
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the hypothalamus?
Odpověď
(A)
Somatostatin
15
Which of the following is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
Odpověď
(D)
Gonadotropin
16
Which hormone is not regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Odpověď
(A)
Aldosterone
17
Which organ favors fructose over glucose for its metabolic needs?
Odpověď
(B)
Testes
18
Where does the complete synthesis of creatine primarily occur?
Odpověď
(C)
Pancreas
19
What type of peptide is thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?
Odpověď
(B)
Tripeptide
20
In the context of the hypothalamo-gonadal axis, which of the following is most closely related to the pituitary gland?
Odpověď
(C)
Hypophyseal
21
Who discovered the amino acid sequence of human growth hormone and its synthesis method?
Odpověď
(C)
Chah Holi
22
What is the precursor molecule for ACTH, β-tropin, and endorphins?
Odpověď
(D)
All of these
23
From which amino acid is adrenaline synthesized?
Odpověď
(C)
Tyrosine
24
What hormone does corticotropin-releasing hormone directly stimulate the release of?
Odpověď
(A)
Pro-opiomelanocortin
25
What is the immediate precursor molecule for α, β, and γ endorphins?
Odpověď
(B)
β-lipotropin
26
What is believed to be the nature of the prolactin-release inhibiting hormone?
Odpověď
(C)
Dopanine
27
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Cushing's disease?
Odpověď
(D)
Hyperkalemia
28
How does insulin affect the permeability of glucose in muscle cell plasma membranes?
Odpověď
(D)
By membrane cruting the hexose carries of intracellular organelles and making them fuse with the plasma membrane
29
Which of the following locations produce somatostatin?
Odpověď
(C)
Hypothalamus and pancreas
30
Where are insulin-like growth hormones primarily produced?
Odpověď
(B)
Liver
31
Which substance is commonly elevated in the urine of individuals with pheochromocytoma?
Odpověď
(B)
VMA
32
Which condition is associated with the chemical pathology observed in aldosteronism?
Odpověď
(B)
Cushing's
33
Which of the following proteins does not typically bind to thyroid hormones?
Odpověď
(D)
Haptoglobin
34
What is the primary effect of epinephrine on muscle tissue?
Odpověď
(D)
Glycogenolysis
35
What is the nature of Reverse T3?
Odpověď
(B)
Formed from T₁ but has no hormone function
36
Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, plays a role in promoting hypogenesis?
Odpověď
(A)
Insulin
37
Which single antidiabetogenic hormone effectively counteracts the effects of several diabetogenic hormones?
Odpověď
(C)
Insulin
38
Which statement accurately describes a physiological process?
Odpověď
(B)
Insulin increases utilization of glucose
39
What is the precursor molecule used in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
Odpověď
(D)
Cholesterol
40
What term describes the specific organs or tissues that are targeted by hormones?
Odpověď
(C)
Target organ/Tissue
41
A specific peptide hormone consists of 32 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3,600. Which of the following is most likely this hormone?
Odpověď
(C)
Calcitonine
42
What physiological effect is observed in Cushing's syndrome, a condition related to adrenal cortex tumors?
Odpověď
(D)
Excessive production of cortisol
43
How would a strong cup of coffee most likely impact the body?
Odpověď
(C)
Enhance the effects of epinephrine
44
What is the primary consequence of increased water reabsorption in the kidney, influenced by a particular hormone?
Odpověď
(C)
Vasopressin
45
A deficiency of both Glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids could be due to a specific defect within the adrenal cortex. Which of the following defects might cause this?
Odpověď
(D)
C-a-Hydroxylase deficiency
46
The mechanism of action involving ADP ribosylation is characteristic of which of the following?
Odpověď
(A)
Cholera toxin
47
From which amino acid is the following hormone primarily derived?
Odpověď
(B)
Thyroxine
48
How does Insulin regulate fatty acid synthesis?
Odpověď
(A)
Dephosphorylating of acetyl CoA carboxylase
49
The formation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) due to hormonal stimulation leads directly to the release of which intracellular messenger?
Odpověď
(C)
Calcinon
50
What is true about hormone receptors that stimulate cAMP production?
Odpověď
(B)
are proteins distinct and separate from those that catalyze the production of cAMP
