Physics for IGCSE & O level - Thermal Effects (Section 1)
1
Which type of surface is the best at reflecting thermal radiation and therefore appears cooler?
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(C)
Shiny
2
Which state of matter has a fixed shape?
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(A)
Solid
3
Which state of matter contains particles with the most kinetic energy?
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(C)
Gas
4
Which type of wave does the sun emit that we can feel as heat?
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(B)
Infrared waves
5
What causes the cooling effect experienced during evaporation?
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(A)
The faster particles escape from the liquid.
6
What happens to the volume of a gas when heated at a constant pressure?
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(A)
The volume increases.
7
What is a result of the convection of a hot water system?
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(C)
Cool water sinks and warm water rises
8
What happens to the particles of a solid when it is heated?
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(C)
They vibrate faster
9
What happens to the temperature during a change of state?
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(C)
The temperature remains constant
10
What is the term used to describe the change in state from a liquid to a gas?
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(C)
Vaporization
11
Why does a solid have a definite shape and volume?
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(D)
All of the above.
12
What happens to most substances when they are heated?
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(B)
They expand
13
What happens to the latent heat during melting?
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(B)
It is absorbed
14
What type of insulation is most commonly used to reduce heat loss from a house?
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(D)
All of the above
15
During the convection in a liquid, water rises upwards as a:
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(D)
hotter water
16
How does increasing the temperature of a gas affect the pressure, assuming the volume is constant?
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(B)
The pressure increases.
17
What is the name of the unit that measures the temperature?
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(C)
Celsius
18
Which color is a poor absorber of thermal radiation?
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(B)
White
19
What does the term 'absolute zero' represent?
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(C)
The temperature at which molecular motion stops.
20
Which statement is correct concerning the kinetic theory of matter?
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(C)
Particles in a gas move randomly and have little to no attraction to each other.
21
What is the effect of high specific heat capacity?
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(A)
Materials heat up and cool down slowly
22
What happens to the rate of evaporation if you increase the surface area?
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(B)
It increases
23
What is the process of heat transfer called that occurs in direct contact?
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(A)
Conduction
24
What does a thermocouple thermometer measure?
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(B)
The force generated between two dissimilar metals due to a temperature difference
25
Which is the formula for calculating energy transfer?
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(B)
Energy Transferred = mass * specific heat capacity * temperature change
26
What is the main difference between a solid, liquid, and gas in terms of particle arrangement and movement?
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(C)
Solids have a fixed arrangement with limited movement, liquids have a less ordered arrangement with more movement, and gases have a very random arrangement with fast movement.
27
Which factor is responsible for increasing the rate of evaporation?
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A
C
28
Which statement is correct about the specific latent heat of fusion?
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(B)
Energy is absorbed when a substance melts.
29
In a convection current, why does the warmer fluid rise?
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(A)
It is less dense.
30
How does the presence of clouds affect the Earth's temperature?
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(B)
They decrease the temperature by reflecting radiation
31
Why does a gas exert pressure on the walls of its container?
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(C)
Because the gas molecules are colliding with the walls.
32
Which method of heat transfer is most significant in the oceans, transferring heat from the equator towards the poles?
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(B)
Convection
33
Which of the following is a good thermal conductor?
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(C)
Metal
34
In the context of evaporation, which of the following factors reduces the rate of evaporation?
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(C)
Increasing the humidity
35
Which of the following explains why solids have a definite shape and volume?
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(A)
Particles are tightly packed and held together by strong forces
36
What does convection require to occur?
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(C)
A fluid
37
Which of the following is the correct unit for measuring the rate of heat transfer?
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(B)
Watt (W)
38
What type of surface is a poor reflector of thermal radiation?
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(A)
Black
39
What happens to the volume of a gas if its temperature decreases while keeping pressure constant?
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(B)
The volume decreases.
40
How does the specific heat capacity of a substance relate to its ability to store thermal energy?
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(A)
Directly proportional: higher heat capacity, more energy stored.
41
What is the name for the heat required to change the state of a substance from liquid to gas?
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(C)
Latent heat of vaporization
42
Which term is defined as the total internal energy of a substance?
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(C)
Internal energy
43
What is temperature?
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(B)
The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
44
What is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves called?
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(C)
Radiation
45
What does latent heat cause during a state change?
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(C)
Temperature to remain constant.
46
What is the main reason for using insulating materials in the construction of buildings?
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(B)
To reduce heat transfer
47
What is the role of thermal radiation on the Earth?
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(A)
Heating up the Earth
48
Which of these materials is typically used in a bimetallic strip?
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(A)
Two different types of metal.
49
What is Brownian motion?
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(D)
The random movement of particles suspended in a fluid.
50
What is the name of the phenomenon describing the random movement of particles?
