Computer Science for IGCSE & O level - Hardware (Section 20)
1
Which of the following is a function performed during the 'decode' stage of the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle?
отговор(C)
Translating the instruction into signals for the control unit.
2
Which characteristics are often found in an embedded system's design?
3
What is the effect of fragmented data on an HDD?
4
In a central heating system, the microprocessor controls the system based on input from which component?
5
In the context of a vending machine's embedded system, what input(s) is/are critical for the machine to function correctly?
6
In a hard disk drive, data is stored on:
7
Which component is responsible for interpreting the instructions?
8
In a typical audio setup, what device directly follows the Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)?
9
Which of the following are typically found within a home network?
10
Which device is primarily used to connect a computer to the internet via a telephone line?
11
What is the primary function of a router?
отговор(D)
To forward data packets between different networks.
12
What does the laser do in the laser printing process?
отговор(C)
It creates an electrostatic image on the drum.
13
Which type of signal is required to use the microphone?
14
What is the primary function of RAM in a computer?
отговор(C)
Temporary storage of data and instructions the CPU is actively using.
15
In networking, what does the term 'bandwidth' refer to?
отговор(C)
The maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network connection at a given time.
16
What is a key component inside an optical mouse that enables its function?
17
Which of the following is the most secure method for data transmission?
18
In a laser printer, what unit is responsible for fusing the toner onto the paper?
19
In the street lighting control system, which component converts the light sensor's data into a form that can be processed by the microprocessor?
20
What do scanners use to recognize the human face?
отговор(C)
Distance between the eyes
21
Which device is used to convert signals from a cable (like coaxial or fiber optic) into a format that computers can understand?
22
Which type of cloud environment combines elements of both public and private clouds?
23
Which network component is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses?
24
What is the primary function of a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive (SSD)?
отговор(B)
To store data persistently.
25
What type of scanner converts hard copy documents into electronic form?
26
What is the name of the technology used in printers that creates images using electrically charged toner and a laser beam?
27
What is the purpose of the Data Bus?
отговор(B)
To transfer data between the CPU, memory, and I/O devices.
28
In inkjet printers, what ejects the ink onto the paper?
отговор(C)
The nozzles on the print head.
29
When a user or organisation wishes to change their MAC address, which are the reasons to perform this? (Choose only one)
отговор(C)
To bypass a MAC address filter.
30
In the example of a vending machine, what is the *output* of the embedded system?
отговор(C)
Dispensing the chosen product.
31
In optical storage, what is the main advantage of using a dual-layer disc, like a dual-layer Blu-ray?
отговор(B)
Increased storage capacity.
32
In a laser printer, what is the function of the 'cleaning blade'?
отговор(A)
To remove excess toner from the drum.
33
What is the purpose of the pattern of dark and light lines?
отговор(B)
To represent numerical values.
34
In a computer system, what is the primary function of virtual memory?
отговор(B)
To enable more programs to run than the physical RAM allows.
35
Which of the following are potential applications of 3D printing?
отговор(B)
Creating custom prosthetics
36
What is 'thrashing' in the context of virtual memory?
отговор(B)
A situation where the system spends an excessive amount of time swapping data between RAM and the hard drive.
37
What are advantages of wireless networks?
38
Which type of memory allows the CPU to access application and system programs currently in use?
39
What is a sector on a hard disk drive?
40
How does a capacitive touchscreen function?
отговор(C)
By detecting changes in electrical capacity.
41
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between an ADC and a DAC?
отговор(B)
An ADC converts analog signals to digital and a DAC converts digital signals to analog.
42
Which technology helps you select from a menu?
43
What component of the printer moves the print head back and forth?
44
What kind of technology does a laser printer use to transfer text and images onto paper?
45
How does the scanning of a QR code work?
46
In flash memory, which component is primarily responsible for storing the data representing a bit (0 or 1)?
47
What is the purpose of an operating system?
отговор(B)
To provide a user interface and manage hardware.
48
What is a defining characteristic of a floating gate in flash memory?
отговор(B)
It stores data by trapping electrons.
49
What type of light does a DLP projector use to create an image?
50
How do security systems commonly use embedded systems, as discussed?
отговор(C)
To monitor the environment and react to inputs from sensors.
