In laboratory settings, what cellular effect is associated with alloxan that can lead to a disease impacting blood sugar regulation?
إجابة
(B)
Cell death of the cells producing a specific hormone
2
What is a treatment option for asthma that can provide relief?
إجابة
(B)
PGE, and PGE2
3
What is the initial building block for the hormone thyroxine?
إجابة
(A)
Tyrosine
4
Which condition is characterized by a limited response from the adrenal cortex?
إجابة
(A)
Kwashiorkor
5
What is the typical range for protein-bound iodine levels in blood, measured per deciliter?
إجابة
(A)
3-8 mg
6
Prostaglandins are best described as which type of chemical structure?
إجابة
(A)
C₂ unsaturated acids
7
Which researcher is not associated with significant contributions to the field of prostaglandins?
إجابة
(D)
Kendal
8
In the nomenclature of prostaglandins, what does the numerical suffix indicate?
إجابة
(B)
Double bonds
9
What is a key function of prostacyclins in the body?
إجابة
(A)
Inhibition of platelet aggregation
10
Another name for vasopressin is?
إجابة
(B)
Antidiuretic hormone
11
What substance is commonly employed to stimulate labor?
إجابة
(A)
Prostaglandins
12
Which of the following lacks a disulphide bond in its structure?
إجابة
(D)
Glucagon
13
Identify the statement that is inaccurate regarding epinephrine's effects on glycogenolysis.
إجابة
(C)
Heart
14
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the hypothalamus?
إجابة
(A)
Somatostatin
15
Which of the following is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
إجابة
(D)
Gonadotropin
16
Which hormone is not regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
إجابة
(A)
Aldosterone
17
Which organ favors fructose over glucose for its metabolic needs?
إجابة
(B)
Testes
18
Where does the complete synthesis of creatine primarily occur?
إجابة
(C)
Pancreas
19
What type of peptide is thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?
إجابة
(B)
Tripeptide
20
In the context of the hypothalamo-gonadal axis, which of the following is most closely related to the pituitary gland?
إجابة
(C)
Hypophyseal
21
Who discovered the amino acid sequence of human growth hormone and its synthesis method?
إجابة
(C)
Chah Holi
22
What is the precursor molecule for ACTH, β-tropin, and endorphins?
إجابة
(D)
All of these
23
From which amino acid is adrenaline synthesized?
إجابة
(C)
Tyrosine
24
What hormone does corticotropin-releasing hormone directly stimulate the release of?
إجابة
(A)
Pro-opiomelanocortin
25
What is the immediate precursor molecule for α, β, and γ endorphins?
إجابة
(B)
β-lipotropin
26
What is believed to be the nature of the prolactin-release inhibiting hormone?
إجابة
(C)
Dopanine
27
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Cushing's disease?
إجابة
(D)
Hyperkalemia
28
How does insulin affect the permeability of glucose in muscle cell plasma membranes?
إجابة
(D)
By membrane cruting the hexose carries of intracellular organelles and making them fuse with the plasma membrane
29
Which of the following locations produce somatostatin?
إجابة
(C)
Hypothalamus and pancreas
30
Where are insulin-like growth hormones primarily produced?
إجابة
(B)
Liver
31
Which substance is commonly elevated in the urine of individuals with pheochromocytoma?
إجابة
(B)
VMA
32
Which condition is associated with the chemical pathology observed in aldosteronism?
إجابة
(B)
Cushing's
33
Which of the following proteins does not typically bind to thyroid hormones?
إجابة
(D)
Haptoglobin
34
What is the primary effect of epinephrine on muscle tissue?
إجابة
(D)
Glycogenolysis
35
What is the nature of Reverse T3?
إجابة
(B)
Formed from T₁ but has no hormone function
36
Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, plays a role in promoting hypogenesis?
إجابة
(A)
Insulin
37
Which single antidiabetogenic hormone effectively counteracts the effects of several diabetogenic hormones?
إجابة
(C)
Insulin
38
Which statement accurately describes a physiological process?
إجابة
(B)
Insulin increases utilization of glucose
39
What is the precursor molecule used in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
إجابة
(D)
Cholesterol
40
What term describes the specific organs or tissues that are targeted by hormones?
إجابة
(C)
Target organ/Tissue
41
A specific peptide hormone consists of 32 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3,600. Which of the following is most likely this hormone?
إجابة
(C)
Calcitonine
42
What physiological effect is observed in Cushing's syndrome, a condition related to adrenal cortex tumors?
إجابة
(D)
Excessive production of cortisol
43
How would a strong cup of coffee most likely impact the body?
إجابة
(C)
Enhance the effects of epinephrine
44
What is the primary consequence of increased water reabsorption in the kidney, influenced by a particular hormone?
إجابة
(C)
Vasopressin
45
A deficiency of both Glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids could be due to a specific defect within the adrenal cortex. Which of the following defects might cause this?
إجابة
(D)
C-a-Hydroxylase deficiency
46
The mechanism of action involving ADP ribosylation is characteristic of which of the following?
إجابة
(A)
Cholera toxin
47
From which amino acid is the following hormone primarily derived?
إجابة
(B)
Thyroxine
48
How does Insulin regulate fatty acid synthesis?
إجابة
(A)
Dephosphorylating of acetyl CoA carboxylase
49
The formation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) due to hormonal stimulation leads directly to the release of which intracellular messenger?
إجابة
(C)
Calcinon
50
What is true about hormone receptors that stimulate cAMP production?
إجابة
(B)
are proteins distinct and separate from those that catalyze the production of cAMP
