JAMB - Biology (1986 - No. 40)
In an agricultural ecosystem, the biotic component consists of
crop, pest and beneficial insects
crops, temperature and humidity
pests, beneficial insects and water
crops, water and soil
توضيح
Biotic factors are defined as the living components or factors that affect an ecosystem or other organisms living in that ecosystem. e.g. biotic factors may also include parasites, predators, crops, prey, competitors, etc.