Biology for IGCSE & O level - Inheritance (Section 6)
1
Which of the following processes is directly responsible for creating genetic variation?
إجابة
(D)
Crossing over during meiosis
2
What is the role of a promoter region in a gene?
إجابة
(B)
To signal the start of transcription.
3
Which of the following is the correct order of events in protein synthesis?
إجابة
(B)
Transcription, Translation, Replication
4
What is the expected phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross if the alleles show incomplete dominance?
إجابة
(B)
1:2:1
5
Which of the following contribute to genetic variation?
إجابة
A
B
C
6
What are the products of meiosis II?
إجابة
(D)
Four haploid cells
7
What is the term that refers to different forms of a gene?
إجابة
(B)
Allele
8
How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic (body) cell?
إجابة
(B)
46
9
What information can be derived from a pedigree chart?
إجابة
A
B
C
10
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the products of meiosis?
إجابة
(C)
The resulting cells are haploid.
11
Which process results in the separation of homologous chromosomes?
إجابة
(B)
Meiosis I
12
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?
إجابة
(D)
Telophase
13
Which of the following statements is true regarding the inheritance of autosomal dominant disorders?
إجابة
A
B
D
14
Which of the following is an example of a human trait determined by multiple alleles?
إجابة
(A)
Blood type (ABO)
15
What is the significance of the F1 generation in Mendelian genetics?
إجابة
(B)
It is the result of crossing the P generation.
16
If two genes are located very close together on the same chromosome, what is more likely to happen?
إجابة
(C)
Genetic linkage
17
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
إجابة
(A)
The genotype determines the phenotype.
18
Which of the following is the primary goal of meiosis?
إجابة
(C)
Production of gametes.
19
In a situation of incomplete dominance, what is the phenotype of a heterozygote?
إجابة
(C)
It is a blend of the two parental phenotypes.
20
Which of the following are directly involved in protein synthesis?
إجابة
A
B
C
21
Which process involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template?
إجابة
(C)
Transcription
22
Which type of inheritance is characterized by the interaction between two or more genes to control a single phenotype?
إجابة
(B)
Epistasis
23
Which of the following is true about meiosis II?
إجابة
(C)
Sister chromatids separate.
24
In a pedigree, what does a filled-in (shaded) symbol represent?
إجابة
(C)
An individual expressing the trait
25
What is the name of the process where a strand of DNA is used to make a complementary RNA molecule?
إجابة
(B)
Transcription
26
Which of the following are events in Meiosis I?
إجابة
A
C
D
27
What is the role of a ribosome in protein synthesis?
إجابة
(C)
To read the mRNA code and assemble amino acids into a protein.
28
Which processes are involved in sexual reproduction?
إجابة
A
B
29
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
إجابة
(B)
It increases genetic diversity.
30
If two genes are linked, what does that mean?
إجابة
(B)
They are on the same chromosome.
31
What is the purpose of the start codon in translation?
إجابة
(B)
To initiate protein synthesis.
32
What is the diploid number for human cells?
إجابة
(B)
46
33
If a woman is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait, and her husband does NOT have the trait, what is the probability their daughter will also be a carrier?
إجابة
(C)
50%
34
If a trait is autosomal dominant, what must the genotype of an affected individual be?
إجابة
(D)
Aa or AA
35
What is the function of the anticodon?
إجابة
(A)
To bind to the mRNA codon.
36
What is the primary outcome of meiosis?
إجابة
(B)
Production of haploid gametes.
37
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
إجابة
(B)
Flower color in snapdragons (red x white = pink).
38
What are the possible phenotypes resulting from a cross between a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous individual, assuming complete dominance?
إجابة
(A)
Only the dominant phenotype.
39
What does the term 'homozygous recessive' mean?
إجابة
(C)
Having two identical recessive alleles for a gene.
40
What is the role of the cell plate in plant cell cytokinesis?
إجابة
(A)
To form a new cell wall.
41
During which phase of meiosis does synapsis (pairing of homologous chromosomes) occur?
إجابة
(A)
Prophase I
42
In incomplete dominance, what will be the phenotypic ratio of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous individuals?
إجابة
(C)
1:2:1
43
What process is represented by the phrase "DNA unwinds and forms a long thread"?
إجابة
(D)
Decondensation
44
Which type of cell division produces genetically different cells?
إجابة
(C)
Meiosis
45
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
إجابة
(C)
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells; meiosis produces genetically different cells.
46
What is the relationship between genes, DNA, and chromosomes?
إجابة
(B)
Chromosomes are made of genes, which are made of DNA.
47
Which of the following are events that occur during translation? (Select all that apply)
إجابة
A
B
D
48
In a situation where codominance is present, what will happen to the phenotype?
إجابة
(D)
Both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype.
49
Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?
إجابة
(C)
An organism's observable traits.
50
During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
